Griffon Bruxellois

The Griffon Bruxellois, often referred to by its endearing nickname, the Brussels Griffon, captivates with its unique monkey-like visage, radiating both charm and mischief. Initially bred for its keen intelligence and determination as a ratting dog, this breed has seamlessly transitioned into the role of a lively and affectionate companion. Despite their petite size, these dogs are imbued with a bold spirit and vigilant disposition, making them delightful family members and vigilant watchdogs. Their playful nature and deep attachment to their human families make them particularly cherished by those who seek an engaging and interactive pet.

Griffons exhibit a compact and sturdy build, characterized by expressive dark eyes and a short, flat muzzle, fitting comfortably within the toy breed category. They present in two coat varieties: the rough type, with its wiry texture and distinctive beard, and the smooth type, known for its sleek appearance. Both varieties share a similar temperament, marked by intelligence, sensitivity, and a hint of stubbornness that responds best to gentle, reward-based training. Their high prey drive and vivacious nature mean they thrive in active households where both mental and physical stimulation are readily available.

Ideal owners are those who value a dog with personality, charm, and a touch of terrier-like boldness. They adapt well to both urban apartments and rural homes, provided they receive regular exercise and companionship. Due to their sensitivity to solitude, Griffons flourish in environments where someone is frequently present, as extended periods of loneliness can lead to separation anxiety. Prospective owners should be prepared to invest time in socialization and training from an early age to unlock the breed's full potential and ensure they become well-mannered family members.

In terms of care, Griffons require routine grooming appropriate to their coat type, moderate daily exercise, and vigilance regarding potential health concerns linked to their brachycephalic facial structure. Their lovable personality and versatility as both a watchdog and affectionate companion make them an exceptionally rewarding breed to own.

Perfect For

Individuals or families seeking a small yet assertive companion with a strong bond to owners, those living in apartments or houses who can provide daily exercise and mental engagement, and first-time dog owners committed to consistent, positive training methods.

Key Considerations

The breed’s sensitivity means harsh correction is ineffective; they require early socialization to prevent behavioral issues. A high prey drive necessitates secure yards and careful off-leash exercise. Due to their brachycephalic features, potential respiratory concerns should be monitored. Lastly, Griffons are prone to separation anxiety, so they need owners who can provide ample companionship.

Emerging from the heart of Brussels, Belgium, the Griffon Bruxellois boasts a rich and somewhat enigmatic history that stretches back several centuries. Some historical accounts suggest the breed's presence in early Flemish art, notably in Jan van Eyck's 15th-century paintings, indicating its long-standing existence. However, it wasn't until the late 1800s that the Griffon Bruxellois gained formal recognition, capturing attention at dog shows and evolving from its roots as a stable companion adept at vermin control.

Early Development

The breed's development involved crossbreeding local Belgian stable dogs with Pugs and Affenpinschers, resulting in a robust, intelligent, and tenacious little dog with excellent ratting abilities. The formation of the Club du Griffon Bruxellois in the 1880s marked the establishment of the first breed standards. The breed's international popularity surged after a Griffon named Tom won a dog show in Brussels and was subsequently brought to England, where it was initially classified as "Foreign Dogs" by the Kennel Club. Official recognition by the Kennel Club followed in 1898, with a few dogs registered, including notable champions like Bruno and Mousequetaire Rouge. Ear cropping was a common practice until it was banned in the UK, prompting adaptations in breeding practices to align with animal welfare standards.

Modern Recognition

The two World Wars significantly impacted the breed's numbers, with populations dwindling to near extinction in Belgium by 1945. Thankfully, breeders in the UK played a crucial role in reviving the breed by exporting dogs back to their homeland. By the mid-20th century, the Griffon Bruxellois had firmly re-established itself in the UK and globally, admired for its lively and affectionate demeanor. Today, while not considered a vulnerable breed, the demand for well-bred puppies often results in waiting lists, underscoring their lasting appeal among enthusiasts and families alike.

Size and Build

The Griffon Bruxellois is a toy breed standing between 7 and 8 inches at the shoulder for both males and females, with weight ranging from 8 to 10 pounds. Their structure is compact and cobby, featuring a deep chest and strong bone structure. Shoulders are well laid back, complemented by a moderately long neck that arches slightly. The back is short and level, with well-sprung ribs and muscular hindquarters, finishing in small, cat-like feet with black nails. The tail is set high, moderately long, and carried at right angles to the topline, curving over the back when in motion.

Coat and Colors

The breed comes in two coat types: rough and smooth. Rough coats are coarse, wiry, and dense with an undercoat, adorned with a beard and mustache on the face. Smooth coats are shorter, denser, and tight without an undercoat or facial furnishings. Accepted colors include black & tan, black, and red, each available in rough or smooth variations.

Distinctive Features

The Griffon Bruxellois boasts a large head relative to its body, with a wide, rounded skull that is not domed. They have a pronounced stop, an open black nose with well-defined nostrils, and a short, slightly upturned muzzle with tight lips and a prominent chin. The eyes are dark, round, and set wide apart, giving an alert and intelligent expression. Ears are small, high-set, and carried semi-erect, enhancing their curious and mischievous look.

Gait and Movement

Griffons move with purposeful drive and a free, ground-covering gait that is smooth and balanced without exaggeration. This efficient movement reflects their terrier heritage and agility.

Gender Differences

Males and females are similar in size and build, although males tend to be slightly heavier and more robust. Temperamentally, males may exhibit a bit more territorial assertiveness, while females are often noted for being a bit more reserved but equally lively.

Show Ring Preferences

In conformation shows, judges favor well-proportioned dogs that maintain the compact cobby outline, with clear facial expression and correct coat texture. Any exaggerations in head shape, muzzle length, or coat quality are marked as faults to preserve the breed’s functional health and character.

Core Personality Traits

The Griffon Bruxellois is characterized by a vibrant and alert temperament, embodying the zest for life typical of terrier breeds. They are playful, affectionate, and intensely loyal to their family members. Their intelligence and sensitive nature make them responsive yet sometimes stubborn, requiring consistent gentle guidance. Griffons flourish with human interaction and love to entertain, often displaying a mischievous streak and a cheeky disposition.

Social Behavior

With strangers, Griffons are generally cautious but not aggressive, often alerting their owners with a series of barks rather than confrontations. They usually get along well with other dogs, especially if socialized early, and can coexist peacefully with cats if introduced correctly. Their high prey drive necessitates caution around smaller animals and livestock, as they may be tempted to chase.

Working Instincts

Originally bred for ratting and vermin control, Griffons retain strong hunting instincts. This manifests in persistent prey drive and tenacity, making obedience and recall training essential for safe management. They are naturally alert watchdogs, attentive to environmental changes and quick to signal potential threats, though they do not tend to show aggression.

Common Behavioral Challenges

Separation anxiety is a significant concern due to their strong attachment to owners, often leading to barking and destructive behaviors if left alone for long periods. They can also be vocally expressive, enjoying barking to communicate or alert their families. Owners must manage their stubborn tendencies with patient, reward-based training to prevent willfulness and ensure a well-behaved companion.

The Griffon Bruxellois is an intelligent and eager-to-please breed, yet their sensitive nature necessitates a training approach rooted in positive reinforcement. They do not respond well to harsh corrections but thrive when training incorporates rewards, praise, and gentle guidance. Early, consistent training is crucial to mitigate the breed’s terrier stubbornness and prevent the development of "Small Dog Syndrome," which can lead to behavioral problems and dominance issues.

Puppy Training Priorities

During the first six months, emphasis should be placed on socialization with a diverse range of people, environments, and pets once vaccinations are complete. Basic obedience commands such as "sit," "stay," "come," "quiet," and "leave it" should be introduced early to establish boundaries and minimize nuisance barking. Handling exercises, including paw touching and ear inspection, are important to ease future grooming and vet visits.

Training Methods That Work

Gentle, reward-based techniques that incorporate play and treats are most effective. Regular short training sessions keep the Griffon engaged without overwhelming them. Avoiding punishment preserves their trust and enthusiasm. Mental stimulation through puzzles and interactive games supports their clever nature.

Advanced Training Potential

Griffons excel in canine sports like agility, obedience, and rally, capitalizing on their intelligence and drive. Their natural watchdog ability can be harnessed for protection training, though they remain too small for physical defense roles. Advanced commands and tricks are well within their capabilities given patient instruction.

Common Training Mistakes

Owners often err by being inconsistent or overly indulgent, leading to spoiled behavior. Failing to adequately socialize or ignoring early barking curbing can result in a dog that is challenging to manage. Overly harsh training damages their sensitive temperament and trust.

Age-Specific Interactions

Griffons generally interact well with children, particularly older kids who understand how to handle small dogs gently. Their size and fragile build make them unsuitable for rough play typical of toddlers. Supervised calm play helps build positive relationships and prevents accidental injury on either side.

Teaching Children Proper Interaction

Children should be taught to respect the Griffon’s space, avoid sudden movements or loud noises, and never to pull ears or tails. Setting clear rules for petting and play ensures the dog feels safe and secure. Encouraging gentle, quiet interactions supports a harmonious family environment.

Breed-Specific Considerations

Griffons have a lively nature but also a degree of sensitivity; they may become anxious if overwhelmed. Their small size demands careful handling and selection of appropriate toys for kids to avoid choking hazards. Their high energy level requires regular playtime but with moderation to prevent stress.

Creating Safe Environments

Adult supervision during all interactions is essential to avoid mishaps. Safe retreat areas for the dog give them space to escape overstimulation. Preventing unsupervised access to younger children or pets helps maintain safety and comfort for all family members.

Breed-Specific Health Conditions

The Griffon Bruxellois typically enjoys a lifespan of 13 to 15 years when well cared for. As a breed, it is generally robust but can be prone to certain conditions primarily linked to its brachycephalic (flat-faced) conformation. Notable health concerns include Syringomyelia and Chiari-like Malformation (CMSM), patellar luxation, cleft palate, degenerative disc disease, and potential sensitivity to Leptospirosis vaccination. Respiratory issues are also a concern in dogs with very flat faces and wide skulls, potentially leading to breathing difficulties and dental problems.

Genetic Testing Requirements

The BVA-KC Chiari Malformation and Syringomyelia Testing Scheme is highly recommended for breeders to reduce the risk of CMSM. Patellar luxation can be assessed and graded by qualified veterinarians. The BVA/KC/ISDS Eye Scheme helps screen for hereditary cataracts. Responsible breeders ensure stud animals undergo these important health checks.

Preventive Healthcare Schedule

Vaccinations for puppies begin between 10-12 weeks, with a second shot two to three weeks later, after which full protection builds over the next two weeks. Regular booster vaccinations are subject to veterinary advice. Spaying and neutering are advised generally between 6 to 12 months of age depending on veterinary guidance.

Insurance Considerations

Health insurance premiums reflect the breed’s predisposition to specific conditions and their brachycephalic nature, which may increase respiratory or dental-related claims. Prospective owners are advised to maintain comprehensive insurance with good coverage for hereditary and chronic conditions to manage potential vet costs effectively.

Daily Care Routine

Caring for a Griffon Bruxellois involves routine grooming according to coat type, moderate yet consistent daily exercise, and attention to potential health issues. Puppies are boisterous and require a safe, puppy-proofed home and garden with secure fencing due to their curious and active nature. Socialization with people, pets, and environments starts early after full vaccination to develop confident adults.

Living Environment Needs

A calm indoor environment helps reduce noise stress, important for these sensitive dogs, alongside regulated rest periods since puppies and older dogs need more sleep. Essential supplies include quality feeding bowls, grooming tools like slicker brushes and grooming gloves, and safe toys to satisfy chewing instincts.

Seasonal Care Adjustments

In warmer months, take care to provide cool, shaded areas and fresh water to mitigate heat stress. In colder seasons, provide cozy bedding and limit exposure to harsh weather. Older Griffons may require modifications such as supportive bedding and mobility assistance to accommodate arthritis or reduced stamina.

Senior Care Adaptations

Adjust diet to maintain optimum weight and consider supplements for joint health. Regular health checks and gentle exercise help sustain mobility and quality of life during senior years. Environmental enrichment and comfort become paramount to prevent anxiety and ensure wellbeing.

Coat Maintenance Schedule

Smooth-coated Griffons require low grooming maintenance, with a weekly brushing sufficient to keep their coat healthy and clean. Rough-coated Griffons demand more intensive care, including hand stripping twice yearly to remove dead hair and maintain texture, a task best left to professional groomers. Daily attention to facial hair prevents food debris accumulation and associated skin issues.

Professional Grooming Requirements

For rough coats, professional grooming sessions twice a year are recommended, including trimming and beard maintenance. Regular ear inspections and cleaning prevent infections, especially in floppy or semi-erect ears prone to debris buildup. Nail trimming and dental care complement coat maintenance for overall health.

Home Grooming Techniques

Owners should establish a gentle grooming routine from puppyhood to acclimate their Griffon to handling. Tools needed include slicker and soft bristle brushes, nail clippers, rounded scissors, and dog-specific toothpaste with a toothbrush. Regular inspection of eyes, ears, and teeth is vital along with gentle cleaning to avoid discomfort and disease.

Common Grooming Challenges

Potential issues include matting in rough coats if neglected, skin irritation around facial folds, and increased shedding in seasonal changes. Prompt attention to any signs of discomfort, excessive shedding, or infection can prevent serious complications. Positive reinforcement during grooming fosters cooperation and reduces stress.

Daily Exercise Requirements

The Griffon Bruxellois benefits from 30 to 60 minutes of daily exercise, ideally split into multiple sessions such as a brisk morning walk and a longer afternoon outing. This balanced regimen accounts for their energy and intelligence, helping to prevent behavioral problems linked to boredom or pent-up energy.

Suitable Activities

They enjoy walking, interactive play in a securely fenced garden, and mentally stimulating games or training sessions that tap into their clever, terrier heritage. Activities like agility or scent work are excellent for physical and mental enrichment and can be adapted for their small stature.

Exercise Restrictions

Puppies require shorter, gentle walks to protect developing joints, while older dogs might need lighter exercise with attention to arthritis prevention. Heat sensitivity due to brachycephalic facial structure mandates avoiding strenuous activity in hot weather and ensuring access to shade and water.

Mental Stimulation Ideas

Interactive puzzle toys, scent games, and basic obedience or agility training provide essential mental challenges. Regularly introducing new stimuli and varying routines keeps a Griffon engaged, balanced, and happy.

Nutritional Requirements

Griffon Bruxellois puppies require a highly nutritious diet rich in protein (approximately 25-30%) to support growth, with fats balanced for energy but not excess. Adults need a well-rounded diet with quality proteins and fats tailored to their activity level, typically with a protein content of around 18-25% and controlled fat levels to prevent obesity.

Feeding Schedule Guidelines

Puppies are best fed 3 to 4 times daily with portion sizes adjusted to their age and weight as they grow. Adults do well with two meals per day, morning and evening, containing the recommended grams of high-quality food based on weight and energy expenditure. Gradual diet changes prevent digestive upset.

Special Dietary Considerations

Griffons may exhibit food sensitivities, especially to fillers and grains, so choosing high-quality, grain-free or limited ingredient foods can help prevent allergies. Supplements to support skin and coat health are beneficial, as are dental chews given their predisposition to dental issues due to brachycephalic structure.

Weight Management

Maintaining an ideal body condition prevents obesity-related diseases common in small breeds. Owners should monitor weight and adjust food intake and exercise accordingly to preserve health and longevity.

Purchase Prices

The purchase price for a well-bred Griffon Bruxellois puppy typically ranges from $1,000 to $2,500 when sourced primarily from individual breeders, reflecting the breed’s rarity and high breeding standards. Prices may vary slightly depending on pedigree lines, coat type, and breeder reputation.

Initial Setup Costs

Initial expenses include essentials like a crate, bedding, high-quality feeding bowls, grooming tools tailored to coat type, and initial vet fees including vaccinations. These usually amount to around $300 to $500 for a complete start-up kit.

Ongoing Monthly Expenses

Monthly upkeep ranges from $70 to $100, covering premium food ($40-50), regular grooming (more frequent for rough coats), routine vet care, and preventive treatments. Health insurance premiums vary, with basic cover priced around $20-25 monthly but can increase depending on coverage levels.

Lifetime Cost Considerations

Owners should budget for potential health care costs related to brachycephalic issues and breed-specific conditions such as Chiari malformation and patellar luxation. Periodic professional grooming sessions in rough coats may add additional costs. Mental enrichment toys and activities also contribute modestly to ongoing expenses. Prospective owners can find Griffon Bruxellois for sale on Pets4Homes to review current availability and prices.

When seeking a Griffon Bruxellois puppy, due diligence is essential given the breed’s popularity and the risk of unscrupulous breeders. Always prioritize ethical breeders who demonstrate care for health and temperament with clear documentation including pedigree certificates, vaccination records, and microchipping. Visiting puppies in the breeder’s home environment allows assessment of conditions and socialization progress.

Finding Ethical Breeders

Choose breeders adhering to Kennel Club guidelines, including breeding frequency limits and transparency about health testing. Confirm affiliation with recognized clubs such as the Griffon Bruxellois Club or related societies. Inquire about the dam’s litter history and overall health to avoid supporting overbreeding.

Health Testing Verification

Ensure puppies come from parents tested for Chiari Like Malformation and Syringomyelia, plus patellar luxation, as recommended by the BVA. Request health certificates and breeder participation in relevant screening schemes.

Puppy Selection Process

Select puppies with balanced temperaments and good health indicators. Temperament testing during visits can help identify confident pups suited for family life. Avoid puppies with excessively flat faces prone to respiratory issues. Alert, social, and handling-friendly puppies generally adapt best.

Contract and Guarantee Review

A comprehensive contract should include health guarantees, return policies, and the breeder’s responsibilities. Vague agreements or unwillingness to provide a written contract are red flags.

Rescue and Adoption Options

Consider Griffon Bruxellois rescues and adoption centers for potential matches. Rescue dogs often have known histories and can make loving companions, offering a responsible alternative to purchasing. For listings visit the Griffon Bruxellois puppies page on Pets4Homes.