Shar Pei

The Shar Pei stands out in the canine world for its unmistakable wrinkles and unique blue-black tongue, attributes that contribute to its distinct appearance. Originally developed in China, this breed was utilized for tasks such as guarding, hunting, and herding. Nowadays, the Shar Pei is celebrated for its role as a loyal and affectionate companion, blending its ancient working heritage with modern companionship. Despite its striking looks, the breed's personality and care requirements make it a fascinating option for seasoned dog enthusiasts.

With a compact, square frame, the Shar Pei features a dense, coarse coat that feels bristly rather than soft. Known for its independent and reserved demeanor, the Shar Pei is loyal and cautious around strangers, necessitating early socialization and strong leadership. Unlike many hunting breeds, the Shar Pei tends to exhibit a calm nature indoors, enjoying warmth and comfort but also requiring sufficient exercise and mental engagement to stay healthy and content.

Ideal for owners who appreciate a dog that is not overtly affectionate but forms deep connections with family, Shar Peis thrive in environments where their dignified nature is respected. They are best suited for those familiar with the breed's particularities, especially in training and socialization. A stable environment with consistent routines and secure areas for safe exploration is essential for this breed.

In terms of care, the Shar Pei demands regular attention to its skin folds to prevent infections, along with a grooming routine suited to its coarse coat. Although their exercise needs are moderate compared to some working breeds, Shar Peis benefit from daily walks and interactive play to stave off boredom. Health considerations are crucial, given the breed's susceptibility to conditions related to its unique skin and physical characteristics.

Perfect For

Experienced dog owners who can provide consistent, confident training; families with older children who understand dog boundaries; those seeking a quiet, alert guardian in urban settings.

Key Considerations

Requires diligent care of skin folds to prevent infections; early and ongoing socialization is vital due to natural aloofness; not ideal for first-time owners due to stubbornness; strong prey drive requires careful management around smaller pets.

The Shar Pei's lineage stretches back over two thousand years to the Han Dynasty in China (206 BC–220 AD), where artifacts depict dogs remarkably similar to today's breed. Initially, the Shar Pei was bred by combining Nordic-type dogs with Mastiffs and possibly the Chow Chow, identified by their distinctive blue-black tongues. This breed was valued for its tough, loose skin, which offered protection in fights, and its robust build, ideal for herding and guarding livestock.

Early Development

In rural China, selective breeding aimed to produce dogs capable of protecting property and aiding in hunting. The Shar Pei's loose skin and hooked canines allowed it to grip opponents more effectively during fights. However, the breed's popularity waned when it was considered a delicacy, leading to laws banning ownership. By the mid-20th century, the breed nearly vanished due to China's breeding restrictions and high dog taxes, surviving only in areas like Hong Kong and Macao.

Modern Recognition

In the 1970s, Hong Kong breeder Matgo Law initiated efforts to save the breed from extinction through global appeals. The UK Kennel Club recognized the Shar Pei in 1981, and their numbers have been growing ever since. By 1999, the breed achieved Championship Status and gained popularity worldwide. Ethical breeders have since addressed many historical health concerns, promoting responsible breeding practices to preserve the breed's unique traits and overall well-being.

Size and Build

The Shar Pei is a medium-sized, sturdy canine with a square, compact frame. Both males and females typically stand between 18-22 inches tall at the shoulders. Males generally weigh 64-75 pounds, while females weigh between 55-64 pounds. They possess a muscular physique with moderate bone structure, exhibiting minimal wrinkles beyond the head and shoulders in adulthood. The breed features a broad chest, short and strong back, sloping shoulders, and powerful hindquarters. The tail is set high, thick at the base, tapering to a point, and is carried curled or curved over the back.

Coat and Colors

The Shar Pei's coat is single-layered, harsh, and bristly, standing away from the body without an undercoat. Coat lengths vary from short to moderately long and should not be trimmed to maintain its unique texture. Acceptable colors include a range of solid shades except white, such as apricot, black, blue, brown, chocolate, cream, fawn, isabella, lilac, and sable. Lighter shades often appear on the tail and back of the thighs. Minimal markings are allowed.

Distinctive Features

The Shar Pei's broad, flat skull is complemented by a moderate stop and a head of moderate size with a distinctive frowning expression, enhanced by almond-shaped, dark eyes (lighter eyes are permissible in lighter-colored dogs). The small, triangular ears are thick, set high, and fold downwards towards the eyes. The muzzle is broad with slightly padded lips, and the lower jaw appears wider in profile. Their tongue, mouth roof, and gums exhibit the breed's signature bluish-black or lavender pigmentation, depending on coat color.

Gait
The Shar Pei moves with fluidity and balance at all speeds. A characteristic feature is that their hind legs track singly at fast trots, a trait favored by breed standards, while a stilted or restricted gait is considered undesirable.

Gender Differences

Males are typically larger and heavier than females, with more pronounced musculature. Behaviorally, males may exhibit more dominance and territoriality, requiring confident handling, while females tend to be slightly more aloof but equally loyal. Size variations beyond the standard are discouraged, though slight deviations are common due to individual genetics.

Core Personality Traits

The Shar Pei is renowned for its dignified, calm, and reserved personality. They are fiercely loyal to their family and become affectionate once a bond is established. Despite their characteristic 'frown', they are not inherently aggressive but can be independent and willful, necessitating owners who can provide confident and consistent leadership. They prefer warm, comfortable indoor environments over cold settings.

Social Behavior

Typically wary and aloof with strangers, Shar Peis prefer to avoid conflict rather than show aggression. Early and consistent socialization is crucial to reduce wariness and ensure they remain well-adjusted. Their high prey drive makes them unreliable off-leash in areas with small animals. With other dogs, especially unfamiliar ones, they can be aggressive or reactive, so careful introductions and management are necessary in social settings.

Working Instincts

Descended from herding and guardian dogs, Shar Peis retain strong protective instincts and are naturally alert to safeguard their home and family. They are observant and quick to alert owners to strangers or unusual activity but generally do not bark excessively. Their independent nature can make them aloof from overly boisterous play, but they enjoy interactive, calm play and mental engagement with their family.

Common Behavioral Challenges

The breed's stubbornness and strong will can hinder training if not addressed early with firm, fair leadership. They may attempt to assert dominance if perceived as the 'alpha', leading to behavioral issues. Messy eating habits due to thick jowls and lips are common, as is their dislike of prolonged solitude, which can result in separation anxiety or destructive behaviors if left alone too long. Owners should be aware of these challenges and commit to ongoing behavioral guidance and enrichment.

Training a Shar Pei requires patience and consistency due to their intelligent yet stubborn nature, posing challenges for inexperienced handlers. They respond best to firm but gentle leadership, reacting poorly to harsh corrections but becoming willful if treated too leniently. Early socialization and consistent rules are essential for developing a well-mannered adult.

Puppy Training Priorities

From the outset, focus on socializing puppies in various environments and with different people and animals to build confidence and reduce future aloofness. Basic obedience commands such as 'come', 'sit', 'stay', 'quiet', 'leave it', 'down', and 'bed' should be introduced gradually using positive reinforcement methods like treats, praise, and play.

Training Methods That Work

Positive reinforcement combined with calm, assertive handling is most effective. Training sessions should be brief and engaging, with consistent routines to minimize confusion. Shar Peis respond well to patience, repetition, and gentle encouragement rather than punitive measures, which risk eroding trust and cooperation.

Advanced Training Potential

While not naturally obedient like some herding breeds, Shar Peis can excel in activities such as scent work, obedience trials, and canine sports if appropriately motivated. These activities utilize their intelligence and maintain their focus, offering mental stimulation to prevent boredom and behavioral issues.

Common Training Mistakes

Avoid inconsistency or allowing the dog to 'rule' the household, which can lead to dominance issues. Overuse of harsh correction methods results in withdrawal or resistance. Neglecting socialization and patience often leads to fearfulness or aggression. Understanding the breed's independent nature helps owners tailor their training approach for optimal results.

The Shar Pei can become a cherished family pet when appropriately socialized from a young age, forming strong bonds with all family members, including children. However, its dignified and sometimes aloof nature means it is better suited to families with older children who understand how to interact respectfully and recognize the dog's signals.

Age-Specific Interactions

For toddlers and very young children, supervision is crucial as the Shar Pei's playful yet proud temperament may lead to accidental bumps or stress for the dog. Teenagers generally bond well with the breed, appreciating its calm companionship and showing the patience the Shar Pei requires.

Teaching Children Proper Interaction

Children should be taught to avoid rough play and to respect the dog's need for personal space, particularly around the face and wrinkles. They should learn not to chase the dog or disturb it while eating or resting, mitigating any stress-induced reactions.

Breed-Specific Considerations

The Shar Pei's medium size, moderately strong build, and potential aloofness suggest it is not suitable for households expecting a constant, cuddly lap dog. Its high prey drive also means small pets should be kept separate to avoid risks during play or walks.

Creating Safe Environments

Supervision during playtimes and ensuring the dog has a quiet retreat space are vital to create a peaceful family dynamic. Secure fencing in a backyard is important to allow safe exploration. Teaching children about dog body language and behavior fosters mutual respect and safety in the home.

The Shar Pei generally lives between 12 to 14 years with proper care and nutrition, but the breed is prone to several hereditary health issues that potential owners should carefully consider.

Breed-Specific Health Conditions

Common health problems include Familial Shar Pei Fever (FSF), amyloidosis, Primary Lens Luxation (PLL), entropion, SPAID syndrome, joint luxations, hip dysplasia, kidney disease, IgA deficiency, hypothyroidism, ear infections, swollen hock syndrome, bowed legs, and excessive skin wrinkling. Entropion affects about 18% of the breed, often requiring surgical correction. Ear infections are prevalent due to narrowed ear canals associated with the breed's thick skin.

Genetic Testing Requirements

DNA testing for POAG/PLL is recommended to reduce ocular disease incidence. The Kennel Club advises breeding bitches no younger than two years to ensure health maturity. Following Assured Breeder health schemes helps lower inherited conditions.

Preventive Healthcare Schedule

Puppies should complete primary vaccination by 12 weeks, with boosters as advised by veterinarians. Routine checks for skin infections, eye problems, and joint stability are advisable as they age. Maintaining fold hygiene is critical to prevent skin diseases and fungal infections.

Insurance Considerations

Due to the breed's predisposition to chronic and hereditary ailments, insurance premiums can be relatively high. Prospective owners should seek comprehensive coverage to manage expected healthcare costs, including surgeries and specialist treatments.

Shar Peis require a combination of regular physical activity, meticulous skin care, and a stable living environment to maintain optimal health. Their care routine should emphasize skin fold hygiene, consistent grooming, and adequate exercise suited to their moderate energy levels.

Daily Care Routine

A Shar Pei should be exercised twice daily with a shorter morning walk and a longer afternoon session, ideally supplemented by safe playtime in a securely fenced backyard. Skin folds must be checked daily for cleanliness and moisture, wiped and dried thoroughly to prevent infections. Ears and eyes also require regular inspection and cleaning.

Living Environment Needs

The breed thrives in homes with moderate space and a secure yard to prevent escape, given their guarding instincts and prey drive. While adaptable to urban living, a safe outdoor area is crucial for mental stimulation and physical health. Due to their aversion to cold, indoor warmth with cozy resting spots is preferred.

Seasonal Care Adjustments

Shar Peis require more vigilant skin and ear monitoring during damp winters when moisture-related infections are more likely. In summer, limited exposure to heat and avoiding overexertion are essential, given their heat sensitivity and low tolerance for extreme temperatures.

Senior Care Adaptations

As Shar Peis age, expect a decrease in mobility requiring supportive bedding and possibly joint supplements. Their sensory abilities may decline, necessitating more frequent vet visits and gentle management of exercise. Senior diets should be adjusted to maintain ideal body condition and support aging joints.

Though the Shar Pei's short, coarse coat requires minimal daily grooming, its signature skin folds demand constant care. Neglecting wrinkle maintenance can lead to yeast infections and skin irritations, common in the breed due to trapped moisture.

Coat Maintenance Schedule

Weekly brushing with a slicker brush and grooming glove suffices for removing dead hair and distributing skin oils. Bathing should be done as needed with dog-specific shampoo and conditioner to maintain the coat's texture and health. Cleaning and thoroughly drying skin folds should occur daily to prevent infections.

Professional Grooming Requirements

Professional grooming is generally unnecessary except for occasional nail trimming and ear cleaning. The breed's coat is not trimmed or clipped. Professional groomers can help identify skin issues early during visits.

Home Grooming Techniques

Using a fine-toothed comb can assist with coat maintenance around delicate areas such as the ears. Daily use of baby wipes for folds to remove dirt and moisture is recommended. Ear cleaning solutions designed for breeds prone to otitis externa should be used regularly.

Common Grooming Challenges

Preventing mats is typically straightforward with the short coat, but vigilant fold care is critical. Seasonal shedding is low but noticeable. The breed's skin is sensitive; owners must monitor for redness or irritation, especially during damp seasons. Prompt action to treat infections is vital to prevent serious skin conditions.

The Shar Pei requires a balanced mix of daily exercise and mental stimulation to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Their exercise needs reflect their moderate energy levels, benefiting from two walks daily complemented by secure playtime.

Daily Exercise Requirements

Ideal exercise includes a shorter 20-30 minute walk in the morning and a longer 40-60 minute session in the afternoon or early evening. This routine helps balance their energy, maintain weight, and reduce boredom that may lead to undesirable behaviors. Puppy exercise should be limited to gentle play and short walks, avoiding high-impact activities to protect developing joints.

Suitable Activities

The breed enjoys leash walks, controlled play, and can participate in moderate canine sports such as scent work and obedience trials that also offer mental stimulation. Due to their stubbornness, interactive games that bond the owner and dog are especially beneficial.

Exercise Restrictions

Young Shar Pei puppies under 12 months should not overexert themselves or engage in activities involving jumping or rough terrain to avoid joint issues. Hot weather can pose risks due to their thick skin and sensitivity; exercise during cooler parts of the day is essential.

Mental Stimulation Ideas

Puzzle toys, treat-dispensing games, and obedience training provide excellent mental engagement. Rotating toys and introducing new challenges gradually can keep the breed interested and mentally sharp.

Proper nutrition is crucial throughout the Shar Pei's life, supporting their unique skin, coat, and overall health. Their diet should be rich in quality protein and fat, tailored to life stage and activity levels.

Nutritional Requirements

Puppies need a balanced diet formulated for growth, with protein levels typically above 22-28% and fats around 10-15%. Adult dogs benefit from diets that maintain lean body mass without excess calories to prevent obesity, a concern after neutering/spaying.

Feeding Schedule Guidelines

Puppies should be fed three to four times daily until six months, gradually transitioning to two meals daily. Portions should be adjusted based on weight, age, and activity. Treats should be used sparingly within daily caloric limits.

Special Dietary Considerations

Due to the breed's predisposition to skin issues, diets rich in omega fatty acids and sensitive-digestive formulas may benefit some Shar Peis. Avoid sudden diet changes to prevent gastrointestinal upset. Consultation with a vet or nutritionist is advised if allergies or sensitivities are suspected.

Weight Management

Maintaining a healthy body condition is critical, with a visible waistline and ribs palpable without excess fat. Overfeeding leads to obesity, increasing the risk for joint strain and associated disorders. Active daily exercise complements a balanced diet for weight control.

The cost of acquiring a well-bred Shar Pei puppy from a reputable breeder in the United States generally ranges from $1,000 to $2,500, depending on factors such as lineage, breeder reputation, and location. Prices from individual breeders tend to be on the lower end, while licensed breeders usually price toward the top of this range. It is crucial to choose ethical breeders who perform recommended health checks and provide proper socialization.

Initial setup costs include essential items such as a quality collar and lead, feeding and water bowls (preferably ceramic), a suitably sized crate, a durable dog bed, grooming equipment, and dog-specific toothpaste and shampoo. These can approximately amount to $200–$300 at first purchase.

Ongoing monthly expenses for a Shar Pei include high-quality food estimated between $70 and $100, regular grooming supplies, and routine vet care such as vaccinations, flea/tick prevention, and annual health checks, costing roughly $100–$150 per month depending on insurance coverage. Insurance premiums vary, with basic monthly cover averaging around $80, escalating to $180 for lifetime plans, influenced by the dog's location and health status.

The lifetime cost of owning a Shar Pei, including potential vet bills for breed-specific health issues like entropion and skin infections, can be significant. Prospective owners should budget accordingly for unexpected veterinary care and professional services.

You can find Shar Pei for sale on Lancaster Puppies to explore available puppies and reputable breeders.

When searching for a Shar Pei puppy, it's essential to prioritize ethical breeding practices and the welfare of the puppies. With the breed's increasing popularity, buyers must be cautious to avoid scams and poorly managed breeders. You can find Shar Pei for sale from reputable breeders on Lancaster Puppies.

Finding Ethical Breeders

Look for breeders who are members of the Shar Pei Club of America and adhere to the American Kennel Club's Breeder of Merit program. Visit the breeder's home to meet the dam and see the puppies in a caring environment. Ask detailed questions about health testing, socialization practices, and lineage.

Health Testing Verification

Ensure breeders provide documented genetic tests for Primary Lens Luxation (PLL) and other conditions such as entropion. The breeder should confirm the dam is over two years old and not bred excessively, following AKC standards.

Puppy Selection Process

Observe puppies' temperament for sociability and confidence, and request health checks by a vet. Puppies should appear clean, alert, and well cared for. Avoid puppies showing signs of lethargy, excessive fear, or unclear backgrounds.

Contract and Guarantee Review

Contracts should specify health guarantees, return policies, and registration details. Watch for red flags such as refusal to provide paperwork or undue pressure to purchase quickly.

Rescue and Adoption Options

Consider adopting through Shar Pei rescues, which provide homes for dogs in need. Adoption offers a chance to provide a second chance to a deserving dog.