Entropion in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Entropion is a painful condition where a dog’s lower eyelid rolls inward, forcing the eyelashes to continuously rub against the eyeball. This genetic issue is often seen in breeds with unique facial structures, resulting in persistent eye discomfort and risk of serious damage such as corneal ulcers. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are critical to safeguard your dog's vision and prevent complications.

Recognizing Symptoms of Entropion in Dogs

If your dog frequently squints, blinks excessively, or paws at their eyes, these may be signs of entropion. You might observe redness, inflammation, or soreness around the eyes, along with excessive tearing—particularly common in brachycephalic (short-nosed) and small toy breeds. Some dogs may show mucus or pus discharge, muscle spasms of the eyelid, and in severe cases, corneal ulcers or ruptures.

• Excessive tearing, especially in short-faced and toy breeds
• Eye inflammation (keratitis)
• Mucus or pus discharge, which can be more frequent in larger breeds
• Eye spasms and visible redness
• Corneal ulceration or ruptured cornea in advanced cases

Breeds Commonly Affected by Entropion in the USA

Entropion can affect any dog, but certain breeds in the US are particularly prone. These include:

• Pug puppies and other brachycephalic breeds like the English Bulldog and Shar-Pei
• Great Dane puppies and other giant breeds including Saint Bernards and Bloodhounds
• Sporting and working breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, Irish Setters, and American Cocker Spaniels

For example, short-nosed breeds like French Bulldogs and Boston Terriers often develop entropion due to their facial structure, while large breeds such as Bullmastiffs may suffer from excess skin causing eyelid folding.

How is Entropion Diagnosed?

A veterinarian will conduct a detailed eye examination to diagnose entropion. This usually happens when dogs are around one year old, or sooner if symptoms appear. The vet will evaluate the eyelid’s position and check for associated eye damage like ulcers. In some cases, consultation with a veterinary ophthalmologist ensures accurate diagnosis and rule out similar issues such as ectopic cilia or distichiasis.

During diagnosis, the vet may prescribe antibiotic ointments or eye drops to combat infection and lubricants if the cornea remains undamaged. Surgical correction is often necessary for moderate to severe cases to provide lasting relief and protect eyesight.

Why Are Certain Breeds More Susceptible?

The risk of entropion is heavily influenced by a dog’s facial anatomy. Brachycephalic breeds have skull shapes that encourage inward eyelid rolling. On the other hand, giant breeds tend to have loose or excessive skin around their eyes that folds inward. Dogs with chronic eye infections or conjunctivitis may develop spastic entropion, where muscle spasms cause the eyelid to roll inward unpredictably.

Managing Life with Entropion

Following diagnosis, dogs usually need ongoing care involving regular veterinary check-ups to track eye health. Treatment might include antibiotic drops or ointments to control infection and inflammation. Puppies might require repeated follow-ups until they are old enough for corrective surgery. During recovery, an Elizabethan (cone) collar is often used to keep dogs from scratching or rubbing their eyes, preventing further injury.

Preventing Entropion: The Importance of Responsible Breeding

Since entropion is largely hereditary, selecting a puppy from reputable breeders who perform thorough health screenings on their breeding dogs is essential. Responsible breeding practices help lower the incidence of genetic conditions like entropion, supporting healthier dog populations over time. In the US, breeder screening programs and eye certification through organizations like the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) and the Canine Eye Registration Foundation (CERF) are valuable tools for reducing risk.

When to Reach Out to a Veterinarian

If you notice signs such as persistent squinting, excessive tearing, discharge, or pawing at the eyes, you should promptly seek veterinary assessment. Timely intervention is key to avoiding severe corneal damage and potential loss of vision. Your veterinarian will recommend a diagnosis and treatment strategy tailored to your dog’s particular needs.

Summary

Entropion is a distressing eye condition where the eyelid folds inward, causing the eyelashes to irritate the eye surface. It leads to painful inflammation and, if left untreated, may result in serious complications including impaired vision. Breeds in the US notably affected include brachycephalic dogs like pugs and English Bulldogs, as well as large breeds like Great Danes and Saint Bernards. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment—often surgical—are critical for improving quality of life and preserving eyesight. Responsible breeding and ongoing vet care play vital roles in managing and preventing this condition.