FAQs About Canine Cushing's Disease and Syndrome

Cushing’s disease, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, occurs when a dog’s adrenal glands produce abnormally high levels of cortisol, an essential corticosteroid hormone. This condition triggers a variety of symptoms and health changes that require attentive care from dedicated dog owners.

This guide covers frequently asked questions about Cushing’s disease in dogs. We explain what it is, how it’s diagnosed and treated, and which warning signs to look out for. Having a solid understanding of this health issue equips you to better support your canine companion’s well-being.

What is Cushing’s disease in dogs?

Medically termed pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), Cushing’s disease typically develops when tumors on the pituitary gland cause an overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This hormone then overstimulates the adrenal glands, leading them to release excess cortisol.

Cortisol plays a critical role in managing blood sugar levels, metabolizing fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, and regulating the immune response. However, long-term elevated cortisol disrupts multiple body systems and diminishes overall health.

It is essential to differentiate Cushing’s disease from Cushing’s syndrome. The latter arises from tumors directly on the adrenal glands and accounts for roughly 15% of hyperadrenocorticism cases in dogs.

What causes Cushing’s disease in dogs?

The majority of Cushing’s disease cases in dogs begin with benign tumors on the pituitary gland that increase ACTH production and overstimulate the adrenal glands, resulting in excess cortisol.

On the other hand, Cushing’s syndrome is caused by adrenal gland tumors producing too much cortisol on their own.

Additionally, there is iatrogenic Cushing’s disease, which results from long-term corticosteroid treatments like prednisone, often prescribed for other health issues.

What are the symptoms of Cushing’s disease in dogs?

Since symptoms typically develop gradually and affect numerous body systems, it’s important to monitor for multiple signs, including:

• Increased appetite and thirst
• Weight gain with a pot-bellied appearance
• More frequent urination
• Muscle wasting, particularly in the hind legs
• Coat thinning, hair loss (alopecia)
• Darkened, fragile skin (hyperpigmentation)
• Lowered energy levels or lethargy
• Excessive panting unrelated to exercise
• Stiffness or difficulty moving
• Skin lumps or growths
• Recurring infections and slow healing
• Increased daytime sleepiness and nighttime restlessness
• Behavioral changes such as irritability or heightened food aggression
• Occasional pancreatitis

How is Cushing’s disease diagnosed?

If you observe several concerning symptoms, schedule a visit with your veterinarian without delay. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of tests, like:

• Bloodwork assessing cholesterol, liver enzyme levels, and white blood cell counts
• Hormonal assays measuring cortisol, including the ACTH stimulation test and low-dose dexamethasone suppression test
• Urinalysis to examine the cortisol-to-creatinine ratio
• Imaging techniques such as abdominal ultrasound to evaluate adrenal glands and exclude other conditions

What treatment options are available for Cushing’s disease?

Treatment is tailored to the root cause. For iatrogenic Cushing’s, your veterinarian will gradually adjust or discontinue corticosteroid medications as appropriate to relieve symptoms.

Common medications prescribed to reduce cortisol include Lysodren (mitotane) and Trilostane (Vetoryl). Lysodren targets adrenal tissue and indirectly affects the pituitary, while Trilostane blocks cortisol synthesis.

Dog owners should be prepared for ongoing monitoring, which includes frequent veterinary exams, blood tests, and urine evaluations to optimize dosing and detect side effects early.

Though rare, surgery or radiation therapy might be options when tumors are operable and medical management is insufficient.

Can Cushing’s disease affect a dog’s behavior?

Absolutely. Hormonal imbalances from Cushing’s disease can lead to behavioral changes in dogs, such as increased aggression around food, irritability, and altered sleep patterns. Discuss any such concerns with your veterinarian.

Which dog breeds are more susceptible to Cushing’s disease?

While any breed can develop Cushing’s, middle-aged and senior dogs are more frequently affected. Small breeds like terriers, poodles, and dachshunds seem to have a higher predisposition.

Among these, Dachshund puppies often raise awareness about breed-related health issues like Cushing’s. Responsible breeders in the US also provide health guarantees and screenings to minimize risks.

Is there a way to prevent Cushing’s disease?

There is no known preventive measure for tumors causing Cushing’s disease or syndrome. However, managing corticosteroid use carefully under veterinary supervision can help avoid iatrogenic cases.

What should I do if I think my dog may have Cushing’s disease?

Quick advice: If you notice increased thirst, urination, appetite, or lethargy, seek veterinary evaluation promptly for accurate diagnosis and testing.

Timely diagnosis improves treatment success and can enhance your dog’s quality of life. Keep detailed notes of any behavioral or physical changes and never adjust medication without veterinary guidance.

How can I responsibly find puppies or adopt dogs?

If you’re considering adding a dog to your family, we recommend looking for a healthy puppy from reputable breeders registered with recognized organizations such as the American Kennel Club (AKC). Adoption from local shelters or rescue groups is another compassionate option.

Responsible pet ownership involves regular visits to a trusted veterinarian, balanced nutrition, daily exercise, and preventive health care to promote lifelong wellness.

Summary

Canine Cushing’s disease is a complex hormonal disorder primarily caused by pituitary tumors leading to excessive cortisol production. Early recognition of symptoms and close collaboration with your veterinarian for diagnosis and treatment are vital to helping your dog maintain comfort and quality of life. Regular monitoring, appropriate medication, and attentive care remain key to managing this condition effectively.

We hope these FAQs provide a clearer understanding of Cushing’s disease and underscore the importance of responsible dog ownership paired with expert veterinary support.