Kennel Cough Vaccine FAQs: Protection, Administration & Boosters

Kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory illness that affects dogs, causing a harsh, hacking cough that can linger for several weeks. While healthy adult dogs usually experience mild symptoms, puppies, senior dogs, or those with compromised immune systems face greater risks of developing secondary infections and more severe complications.

In the United States, kennel cough vaccination programs have helped reduce the number of cases over time. Many dogs now receive protection against Bordetella bronchiseptica, the primary bacterial culprit behind kennel cough, thereby lowering the risk of infection and limiting transmission to other dogs.

Despite its importance, many dog owners find the kennel cough vaccine confusing—especially regarding what it covers and the appropriate method of administration. This article aims to clarify common questions about the vaccine's role, benefits, and limitations, as well as best practices to keep your dog protected.

What does the kennel cough vaccine protect against?

The vaccine primarily shields dogs from Bordetella bronchiseptica, a bacterial agent most commonly responsible for kennel cough symptoms. While it significantly lowers the likelihood of infection from this bacteria, it does not offer protection against other viruses or bacteria that might cause similar respiratory issues.

How does the kennel cough vaccine work?

The vaccine introduces your dog’s immune system to a safe, weakened, or inactivated form of the Bordetella bacteria. By doing so, it prepares the immune defenses to recognize and respond swiftly should your dog encounter the actual pathogen. While it doesn't always prevent infection entirely, vaccination typically lessens the severity and duration of the illness.

Does my dog automatically get the kennel cough vaccine with their core shots?

Not necessarily. Kennel cough vaccination is considered a non-core vaccine in the U.S. and is often administered separately from the core puppy or adult vaccines. It might be offered in different formats such as intranasal spray, injectable, or oral forms, with administration dependent on several factors including your dog’s comfort and risk level.

How can I confirm if my dog has received the kennel cough vaccine?

Review your dog's vaccination records or certificate, which should list all vaccines given, including kennel cough. When in doubt, your veterinarian can check their records and confirm if your dog has been vaccinated.

How is the kennel cough vaccine usually given in the U.S.?

Commonly, it is delivered via an intranasal nasal spray, which offers rapid immunity in a few days by stimulating local defenses in the respiratory tract. For dogs that resist nasal sprays or have narrow nostrils—a trait often seen in brachycephalic breeds like the pug—injectable or oral vaccines may be preferable and are frequently used.

What if my dog doesn’t tolerate the nasal spray?

Dogs uncomfortable with nasal delivery or with anatomical issues such as stenotic nares (very narrow nostrils common in short-faced breeds) can receive injectable vaccines under the skin. Oral vaccine options are also available as flavored tablets or liquids that your dog swallows, which may be easier for some pets.

Can vaccinated dogs still contract kennel cough?

Yes. While vaccination greatly reduces infection risk, especially from Bordetella, it does not cover every cause of kennel cough. Vaccinated dogs might still show mild symptoms if infected by other pathogens, but they generally recover quicker and experience less severe illness than unvaccinated dogs.

How often should kennel cough vaccine boosters be given?

Most veterinarians in the U.S. recommend annual boosters to sustain immunity, particularly for dogs frequently exposed to other dogs, such as those attending boarding facilities, daycare, or dog parks. Some kennels and daycares require proof of a booster within the last six to twelve months before admission.

What is the current veterinary guidance on kennel cough vaccination in the U.S.?

Brief Summary: The intranasal vaccine remains the preferred approach for rapid onset of protection. Annual boosters are advised, especially for dogs with high social exposure. Vaccination is part of a well-rounded prevention plan that includes good hygiene, avoiding contact with sick dogs, and only vaccinating healthy pets.

Veterinarians emphasize that while these vaccines reduce disease severity and spread, none provide 100% coverage. Therefore, combining vaccination with sensible management practices offers the best overall protection.

How can I responsibly protect my dog from kennel cough?

• Ensure your dog stays current with recommended vaccinations, including the kennel cough vaccine when advised by your veterinarian.
• Only vaccinate dogs that are healthy at the time; if your dog is ill, consult your vet before scheduling vaccination.
• Exercise caution in high-risk settings like boarding kennels, doggy daycares, grooming salons, and busy dog parks where exposure risk is elevated.
• If your dog displays symptoms of kennel cough, isolate them from other dogs until full recovery to prevent spreading the infection.
• Maintain cleanliness by regularly washing your dog's bedding, bowls, toys, and the areas they frequent.

Vaccination remains a key defense but works best alongside good hygiene and careful management of your dog’s environment to keep their respiratory health safe.