King Charles Spaniel vs Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: Main Differences

The breeds commonly known in the USA as the King Charles Spaniel (also called the English Toy Spaniel) and the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel share royal origins but feature unique traits that set them apart. Whether you're considering adding one to your family or just curious about their distinctions, this guide offers comprehensive insight tailored for the American context.

Origins of the two breeds

Both spaniel types trace back to toy spaniels favored by English royalty from as early as the 1500s. Monarchs like Queen Mary I kept toy spaniels, and King Charles II was especially fond of these charming dogs, inspiring their names. Although the breeds were once considered a single type throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, breed enthusiasts diverged in their preferences. The English Toy Spaniel, or King Charles Spaniel, was bred for a shorter muzzle and a domed head, while those wanting to preserve the longer muzzle and more classic spaniel look founded the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel line in the 1920s. Today, both are distinct breeds with American Kennel Club (AKC) recognition and separate classifications.

Physical traits and size

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel generally exceeds the King Charles Spaniel (English Toy Spaniel) in size. Cavaliers typically weigh between 15 to 20 pounds and stand about 12 to 13 inches tall, whereas King Charles Spaniels are more compact, weighing approximately 10 to 15 pounds and measuring around 9 to 11 inches in height.

Both appear in traditional colors such as ruby, Blenheim (chestnut and white), black and tan, and tricolor.

The Cavalier has a silky, longer coat with pronounced feathering on ears, legs, and tail, giving it a soft, wavy texture. The King Charles Spaniel’s coat is usually shorter, smoother, and has less feathering. Notably, some American English Toy Spaniels may feature a bobbed tail as an accepted trait, which isn't seen in Cavaliers.

Key differences include skull shape and muzzle length: the King Charles Spaniel has a noticeably domed skull with a short, pushed-in muzzle ending in an upturned nose, while Cavaliers boast a flatter skull profile with a longer, tapered muzzle and large, soulful eyes. Cavaliers’ ears set higher on the head than those of the King Charles Spaniel.

Temperament and pet suitability

In the United States, both breeds are beloved for their gentle, affectionate personalities, making them excellent lap dogs and family companions. Cavaliers tend to be slightly more outgoing, playful, and energetic, often thriving in homes with children and other pets. King Charles Spaniels, meanwhile, are typically more reserved but equally affectionate, enjoying quiet companionship and being attentive lap dogs.

Exercise needs are moderate: about 20 to 30 minutes daily of walking and play is sufficient for most adults of either breed. Their intelligence and willingness to please make them obedient and easily trainable, well-suited to apartment living or houses with yards. Importantly, both display lower prey drives compared to other spaniels, meaning they generally tolerate small pets well.

Breed recognition and shows in the USA

The AKC recognizes these two spaniel breeds separately, with the King Charles Spaniel grouped among toy breeds as the English Toy Spaniel, while the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel occupies its own category within the toy group. Both regularly compete in American dog shows, sometimes contending side by side for top honors. The distinction in facial structure and appearance is critical in judging and breeding standards in the US.

Health considerations

Each breed faces health challenges reflective of their unique physical traits. The King Charles Spaniel’s brachycephalic (flat-faced) features may predispose them to breathing difficulties, especially in hot or humid American climates, so owners should monitor them carefully in warm months.

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel suffers from specific breed-related health issues, including a high incidence of mitral valve disease (heart problems) and syringomyelia, a neurological condition leading to spinal pain. Additionally, Cavaliers may be prone to hip dysplasia and more frequent ear infections. Responsible breeders in the US prioritize health screenings and early veterinary care to address these concerns.

Popularity and pricing in the USA

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel ranks as the 13th most popular dog breed in the United States in 2024, having risen sharply in popularity over the last few decades. In contrast, the King Charles Spaniel (English Toy Spaniel) remains relatively rare and less frequently seen in American homes.

In terms of cost, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel puppies in the US average around $2,500, with prices varying based on breeder reputation and bloodlines. Pricing for English Toy Spaniels (King Charles Spaniel) overlaps but often ranges similarly depending upon the breeder and lineage.

When searching for a puppy, it’s essential to find reputable breeders committed to ethical practices and health testing to ensure the well-being of your new companion.

Summary: Which Spaniel fits your lifestyle?

Decision-making comes down to preferred size, appearance, and temperament. If you want a smaller, domed-headed lap dog with a slightly longer lifespan and can accommodate potential breathing concerns, the American English Toy Spaniel (King Charles Spaniel) may appeal.

Alternatively, if you prefer a larger, more classic spaniel appearance with a longer, expressive muzzle and a lively, social disposition, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is an excellent and increasingly popular choice across the US.

Both breeds thrive with moderate exercise, plenty of affection, and owners who prioritize responsible breeding and health care. Such commitment helps ensure your furry family member leads a joyful, healthy life.