Otitis Externa in Cocker Spaniels: Causes, Symptoms & Care

The long, floppy ears of cocker spaniels are one of their most iconic and lovable traits; however, these features also make them more vulnerable to developing otitis externa. This common inflammatory ear condition demands careful attention and management to avoid pain and more serious complications.

If you’re a cocker spaniel owner or planning to adopt one, this article covers the causes, signs, treatment options, and prevention tips to support responsible care of your canine companion.

About the Cocker Spaniel

The cocker spaniel holds a cherished place among U.S. dog breeds, known both as beloved family pets and hunting companions. This breed typically comes in two main types: show strains and working strains, all sharing those distinctive long, drooping ears. While undeniably charming, these ears also increase the risk for ear problems.

The pendulous ear structure limits airflow and contains many wax-producing glands. This can cause wax to accumulate and, when inflamed, may lead to the narrowing of the ear canal. Due to these anatomical traits, cocker spaniels are particularly prone to otitis externa, making routine ear care critically important.

What Is Otitis Externa?

Otitis externa is an inflammation of the outer ear canal. Dogs with floppy ears, like cocker spaniels, have a higher chance of developing this because trapped moisture and limited ventilation create an environment that fosters infections and irritation.

Multiple factors can cause otitis externa including ear mites, allergies, skin disorders such as seborrhea, foreign debris like grass awns common in U.S. parks, chemical irritants, overgrowth of bacteria or yeast, and hormonal conditions like hypothyroidism. Environmental elements such as warm, humid climate—typical across many U.S. regions—also contribute.

Cocker Spaniel Susceptibility: Causes and Risk Factors

Their ear anatomy makes cocker spaniels prone to wax build-up and irritation, triggering inflammatory responses often complicated by bacterial and yeast overgrowth.

Factors like hot and humid weather in states such as Florida or Louisiana, grooming choices like ear hair plucking (which can cause tissue trauma), and regular exposure to outdoor allergens can increase the risk. Chronic ear inflammation may narrow the ear canal (stenosis) and even affect the middle ear, worsening symptoms.

Signs to Look For

If your cocker spaniel is dealing with otitis externa, you might notice:

• Constant shaking of the head and frequent ear scratching
• Rubbing ears or head against furniture, carpets, or walls
• Resistance to touch around the ears or head
• Visible redness and swelling inside the ear canal
• Foul-smelling discharge that could be yellow, brown, or pus-like
• In severe cases, scaly or crusted skin, ulcers on the ear flap or canal
• Signs of discomfort such as whining, irritability, or withdrawal

Diagnosis and Treatment in the U.S.

Your American veterinarian will perform a thorough physical exam, using an otoscope to look inside the ear canal. They’ll likely take samples for cytology or culture to identify whether bacteria, yeast, or mites are causing the issue.

Treatment focuses on addressing the root cause, controlling infection, and reducing inflammation. Typically, this involves veterinary-approved topical ear cleaners, antimicrobial or antifungal ear drops, and sometimes systemic medications like oral antibiotics, corticosteroids, or pain relievers, especially in chronic or severe cases.

Parasite-related infections, such as those caused by ear mites or fleas, require specific antiparasitic treatments combined with meticulous ear hygiene. Veterinarians strongly advise against the use of cotton swabs or inserting any objects into the ear canal to prevent further injury.

Preventing Otitis Externa in Your Cocker Spaniel

• Make a habit of inspecting your dog’s ears daily, checking for cleanliness and signs of irritation or infection.
• Use gentle, vet-recommended ear cleansing solutions as necessary.
• Keep your dog’s ears dry, especially after swimming, baths, or rainy walks, to avoid moisture accumulation.
• Trim long hair inside and around the ears carefully to reduce trapped dirt and dampness.
• Maintain a regular and effective flea and mite prevention program, particularly in areas like the Gulf Coast where parasites flourish.
• After outdoor adventures—common in American parks and backyards—check for foreign bodies such as grass seeds that may lodge in the ear canal and trigger inflammation.

Being a responsible pet owner means early detection and prompt veterinary care. Regular check-ups and swift attention to any ear changes will help keep your cocker spaniel comfortable and healthy.