Understanding Dog Dewclaws: Care, Issues & Removal Tips

Dewclaws are small claws located higher up on a dog's front legs, positioned inside and above the other toes so they typically don’t touch the ground while walking or standing. Most dog breeds have dewclaws only on their front legs, but some breeds, particularly those bred for rugged terrain or hunting in the U.S., may also have dewclaws on their hind legs, sometimes even double dewclaws on each rear leg. These claws are evolutionary leftovers, somewhat like human thumbs, but they aren’t opposable and don’t play a crucial role in running or walking. For example, certain American working breeds such as the Alaskan Malamute or Chesapeake Bay Retriever may use their dewclaws to help grip objects or when climbing uneven ground, though many dogs rarely utilize them.

It’s important for dog owners to be informed about the dewclaws’ role and health to ensure proper pet care. This guide covers the function of dewclaws, typical issues that can arise, care practices, and when removal becomes necessary as advised by your veterinarian.

Evolution and Function of Dewclaws in Dogs

Dewclaws are considered vestigial digits, inherited from ancient ancestors of modern dogs who lived roughly 40 million years ago. Back then, extra toes provided advantages for climbing and grasping prey. As dogs evolved primarily as ground hunters, dewclaws lost their primary functionality but still persist as tiny claws set higher on the leg.

Unlike human thumbs, dewclaws don’t move independently but can enhance grip slightly. Typically, front dewclaws are well-anchored by bones and tendons, offering some stability, while rear dewclaws, when present, tend to be more loosely attached, sometimes held only by skin.

Some breeds familiar in the U.S., such as the Cockapoo puppies, especially those bred for agility or outdoor activity, may have pronounced dewclaws that serve minor functional purposes. Still, many pet dogs do not use theirs actively in everyday movement.

Common Dewclaw-Related Problems

While dewclaws serve no critical function, they can sometimes lead to complications, similar to how wisdom teeth cause issues for some humans. The size and prominence of dewclaws vary greatly across individual dogs and breeds: some have small, flush dewclaws, while others present large, protruding ones.

For dogs with narrow chests, or for breeds common in the U.S. such as the Labrador Retriever and German Shepherd, large dewclaws on the front legs can rub against the leg or catch on items, causing sores, tears, or painful wounds. They may snag on bedding, collars, or during a dog scratching its head, resulting in bleeding or lacerations.

Dewclaws that are not naturally worn down may grow excessively long and can curve inward, digging into the skin. This can bring on pain, infections, abscesses, or ingrown nails, requiring prompt veterinary attention to prevent more serious problems.

Proper Care for Your Dog’s Dewclaws

Keeping a watchful eye on your dog's dewclaws supports their health and helps avoid common issues. Since dewclaws don't contact the ground, they don’t wear down naturally like the main toenails and may become overgrown.

When trimming your dog’s nails, it’s essential to include the dewclaws, taking care to avoid cutting the quick—the sensitive part inside the nail containing blood vessels and nerves. Also, check that dewclaws are growing straight and are not excessively protruding to reduce the risk of snagging or injury.

Maintaining trimmed, clean dewclaws reduces the likelihood of tears, infections, and discomfort. If you’re uncertain about trimming safely, your local veterinarian or a professional groomer can help. Introducing dewclaw care early in puppyhood also eases the dog into nail trimming becoming a low-stress routine.

When Should Dewclaws be Removed?

Removing dewclaws is a surgical procedure performed under general anesthesia and is only recommended when medically necessary. If a dewclaw suffers from injury, severe deformity, or grows at an angle prone to injury, your veterinarian may advise removal to avoid pain or complications.

In the U.S., the decision for dewclaw removal in working breeds or those prone to dewclaw injuries, such as the Chesapeake Bay Retriever or Alaskan Malamute, is sometimes made during spay or neuter surgeries when the dog is young. However, routine removal is discouraged because dewclaws still offer some grip and benefit in certain canine activities.

Always discuss with your veterinarian before deciding on removal to weigh the pros and cons. Most dogs lead healthy, active lives with their dewclaws intact, and removal is reserved only for clear cases of problems or high risk.

Additional Tips for Responsible Dog Paw Care

• Regularly examine all paws, including the dewclaws, for signs of cuts, swelling, or infection.
• Trim nails, dewclaws included, every few weeks or as your veterinarian advises.
• Start nail care gently with puppies to keep the experience stress-free.
• If your dog shows signs of pain or if a dewclaw looks injured, seek veterinary advice promptly.
• Consider adopting from reputable breeders or animal shelters that ensure proper health screenings and breeding standards.

Having a good understanding of your dog’s dewclaws helps you care better for their paws. Proper attention balances respecting natural anatomy with preventing potential issues for comfortable, healthy walking.