The Russell Terrier is the American name for the small, shorter-legged terrier known in much of the world as the Jack Russell Terrier, or simply the Jack Russell. The type traces to the Reverend John "Jack" Russell, a Devon hunting parson of the early 1800s whose mostly white fox-working terriers had to bolt foxes from their dens while keeping up with the hounds. When the related breeds were sorted out in North America, the taller, squarer dog became the Parson Russell Terrier, while this slightly longer, lower-stationed variety took the Russell Terrier name. The American Kennel Club recognized the Russell Terrier in its terrier group in 2012.
Russell Terriers stand about 10 to 12 inches tall and typically weigh 9 to 15 pounds, with a smooth, broken or rough coat that is predominantly white with black or tan markings and stays neat with weekly brushing. Despite the compact, cuddly appearance, this is a lively, fearless working terrier with a big personality and a strong instinct to dig, chase and explore. They suit active owners and families who can supply daily exercise, games and ongoing training, and small pets should be introduced with care given the breed's hunting heritage. Healthy and long-lived, Russell Terriers commonly reach 12 to 14 years.